In 2012, British newspaper The Guardian described a toxic lake created in conjunction with rare earth mining as "a murky expanse of water, in which no fish or algae can survive. The shore is
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The mining of rare earth metals, used in everything from smart phones to wind turbines, has long been dominated by China. But as mining of these key elements spreads to countries like Malaysia and Brazil, scientists warn of the dangers of the toxic and radioactive waste generated by the mines and processing plants.
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Mining rare earth metals is quite different from other kinds of mining. One rare-earth mine produces many kinds of elements, but there are many processes involved and all these processes contribute to pollution. The generation of Thorium, a radioactive element leads to leukemia when it leaches into drinking water. Workers have to extract rare earth metals manually from the ore which increases
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Material adapted from: Hudson, T.L, Fox, F.D., and Plumlee, G.S. 1999. Metal Mining and the Environment, p. 7,20-27,31-35,38-39. Published by the American Geosciences Institute Environmental Awareness Series. Modern mining operations actively strive to mitigate potential environmental consequences of extracting metals, and such operations are strictly regulated in the United
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In addition, rare earth mining done near uranium deposits has also led to radioactive material clinging to the elements in some areas, according to Xiang Huang, a postdoctoral fellow at the University of Waterloo in Canada, who studied the environmental and health impacts from rare earth mining while earning his PhD at Beijing University.
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Against this backdrop, some countries have sought to reduce their dependence on Chinese supplies. A mining site in West Texas could offer the US a 130-year supply of 15 of the 17 rare earth elements. Japan has invested in an Australian site with significant deposits. Beyond mining, China dominates in processing, accounting for about 85% of the capacity. Metals mined elsewhere are likely to be
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For every ton of rare earth produced, the mining process yields 13kg of dust, 9,600-12,000 cubic meters of waste gas, 75 cubic meters of wastewater, and one ton of radioactive residue. This stems from the fact that rare earth element ores have metals that, when mixed with leaching pond chemicals, contaminate air, water, and soil. Most worrying is that rare earth ores are often laced with
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The mining of rare earth metals occurs mainly in southeastern China, in provinces like Jiangxi and Fujian. But there is also mining as north as Inner Mongolia and as west as Sichuan. Over the last decade and a half, China has also moved to obtain exclusive mining rights in African countries in return for building big-ticket infrastructure projects. Deals have been sealed in the Democratic
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Rare earth mining in China: the bleak social and environmental costs . China produces 85% of global supply of the 17 chemically similar elements crucial to smartphone, camera lens and magnet
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Rare Earth Metals and the EnvironmentRecycleNation. Here is a general overview of the environmental impacts found in this study: The conclusion on environmental aspects of rare earth mining and processing begins with the sentence, The rare earth mining shows high environmental risks.
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